ALOHA : ALOHAnet, also known as the ALOHA System, or simply ALOHA, was a pioneering computer networking system.
The ALOHAnet used a new method of medium access (ALOHA random access) and experimental ultra high frequency (UHF) for its operation
There are two types of ALOHA :
1. Pure ALOHA :
- If you have data to send, send the data
- If, while you are transmitting data, you receive any data from another station, there has been a message collision. All transmitting stations will need to try resending "later".
Let "T" that is, on average, there are G transmission-attempts per frame-time.
For any frame-time, the probability of there being k transmission-attempts during that frame-time is:
The average amount of transmission-attempts for 2 consecutive frame-times is 2G. two frame-times is:
Therefore, the probability () of there being zero transmission-attempts between t-T and t+T (and thus of a successful transmission for us) is:
it can be concluded that the throughput () is:
Vulnerable time=2*T.
then by using Poisson distribution, the probability that exactly x nodes begin transmission during period T is
Therefore, the probability that during any particular period from
t=2nT to t=(2n+1)T, exactly one node will begin transmission is
And the probability that during any particular period t=(2n+1)T to t=(2n+2)T, no node will begin transmission is
That is during period t=2nT to t=(2n+1)T, exactly
one node begins transmission and during t=(2n+1)T to t=(2n+2)T no node
begins transmission
This is the throughput.
Therefore, the throughput in pure ALOHA,
Similarly for slotted ALOHA, a frame will be successfully
transmitted.
This is the throughput in slotted ALOHA. Thus,
2. Slotted ALOHA :
An improvement to the original ALOHA protocol was "Slotted ALOHA".
the probability of k packets is:
The throughput is:
The maximum throughput is 1/e frames per frame-time (reached when G = 1), which is approximately 0.368 frames per frame-time, or 36.8%.
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